Pronunciation: Dack-oh-sore-us Meaning of name: "Tearing lizard". Species: D. maximus, D. andiniensis. Size: Between 4 and 5 metres long and weighing between 450 and 910kgs. Family: Metriorhynchidae. Diet: Carnivore First fossils found: Known from multiple specimens discovered in England, Mexico, Argentina, France, Switzerland, Poland, Russia and Germany. D. maximus named by German palaeontologist, Friedrich August von Quenstedt, in 1856. D. andiniensis named in 1996. Lived: Depending on species, lived between 163.5 and 139.8 million years ago from the Oxfordian stage of the Late Jurassic through to the Berriasian stage of the Early Cretaceous in what is now England, Mexico, Argentina, France, Switzerland, Poland, Russia and Germany.
Pronunciation: E-daff-oh-sore-us Meaning of name: "Pavement lizard", in reference to its dense clusters of teeth. Species: E. pogonias, E. boanerges, E. colohistion, E. cruciger, E. novomexicanus. Size: Depending on species, measured between 1 and 3.5 metres. Largest species weighed around 300kgs. Family: Edaphosauridae. Diet: Herbivore. Fed on low-growing vegetation. First fossils found: Known from several specimens discovered in Germany, the Czech Republic and the United States. E.cruciger named by American palaeontologist, Edward Drinker Cope, in 1878. E. pogonias named in 1882. E. novomexicanus named in 1913. E. boanerges named in 1940. E. colohistion named in 1979. Lived: Depending on species, lived between 303.7 and 283.5 million years ago from the Gzhelian stage of the Late Carboniferous through to the Artinskian stage of the Early Permian in what is now Germany, the Czech Republic and the southwestern, south central and midwestern United States.
Despite the name, today's animal isn't a crocodile, but a very large amphibian....Koolasuchus
Pronunciation: Cool-ah-su-kus Meaning of name: "Kool's crocodile", after palaeontologist, Lesley Kool. Species: K. cleelandi Size: Estimated to have measured between 4 and 5 metres long and weighing around 500kgs. Family: Chigutisauridae. Diet: Carnivore First fossils found: Known only from skull fragments, ribs and vertebrae discovered in the Wonthaggi Formation of Victoria, Australia. Named by A. Warren in 1997. Lived: 120 million years ago during the Aptian stage of the Early Cretaceous in what is now southeastern Australia.
Today's animal is one of the contenders for the title of World's Biggest Crocodile: Purussaurus
Pronunciation: Puh-roo-sore-us Meaning of name: "Purus lizard", after the Purus River. Species: P. brasiliensis, P. neivensis, P. mirandai Size: Largest species, P. brasiliensis, estimated to have measured between 10 and 13 metres long and weighing between 5 and 6 metric tonnes. Family: Alligatoridae Diet: Carnivore First fossils found: Known only from partial skulls discovered in northern Venezuela, Brazil, Peru, Colombia, Ecuador and Bolivia. P. brasiliensis named in 1892. P.neivensis named in 1941. P. mirandai named in 2006. Lived: 11.608 to 7.246 million years ago during the Tortonian stage of the Late Miocene in what is now northern Venezuela, Brazil, Peru, Colombia, Ecuador and Bolivia.
Today's entry: Megacerops (also known as Brontotherium)
Pronunciation: Meg-ah-seh-rops Meaning of name: "Large horned face", in reference to the pair of blunt horns on the snout. Species: M. coloradensis, M. kuwagatarhinus Size: 5 metres long, 2.5 metres tall and weighing between 3 and 4 metric tonnes. Family: Brontotheriidae Diet: Herbivore. Fed on low-growing vegetation. First fossils found: Known from several specimens discovered in Canada and the midwestern and upper midwestern United States. M. coloradensis named by American palaeontologist, Joseph Leidy, in 1870. M. kuwagatarhinus named in 1995. Lived: 38 to 33.9 million years ago from the Bartonian stage of the Middle Eocene to the Rupelian stage of the Early Oligocene in what is now Saskatchewan, Canada, and the midwestern and upper midwestern United States.
Here's today's animal, a turtle from South America: Carbonemys
Pronunciation: Car-bon-em-iss Meaning of name: "Carbon turtle". Species: C. cofrinii Size: Uncertain due to a lack of fossils, but is estimated to have measured around 3 metres long. Shell measured 1.72 metres, making it one of the world's largest turtles. Family: Podocnemididae. Diet: Uncertain. Possibly a carnivore. First fossils found: Known only from a partial skull and a partial shell discovered in the Cerrejón Formation of northeastern Colombia, South America, in 2005. Named by E. A. Cadena, D. T. Ksepka, C. A. Jaramillo and J. I. Bloch in 2012. Carbonemys lived alongside the giant snake, Titanoboa. Lived: 60 to 57 million years ago during the Selandian stage of the Middle Paleocene through to the Thanetian stage of the Late Paleocene in what is now Colombia, South America.
Here's today's entry, a small insectivorous mammal from the Late Jurassic: Fruitafossor
Pronunciation: Froo-tah-foss-sor Meaning of name: "Fruita digger", after the city of Fruita, Colorado. Species: F. windscheffeli Size: 15cm Family: Uncertain Diet: Insectivore. May have specialized in eating ants or termites. First fossils found: Known from a single, almost-complete skeleton discovered in the Morrison Formation of Colorado in 2005. Named in the same year by Zhe-Xi Luo and John R. Wible. Lived: 150 million years ago during the Tithonian stage of the Late Jurassic in what is now the western United States.
Pronunciation: Kap-roe-soo-kuss Meaning of name: "Boar crocodile", in reference to its teeth which look like the tusks on a wild boar. Species: K. saharicus Size: Estimated to have measured around 3.3 metres long and weighed between 180 and 230kgs. Was originally thought to have measured up to 6 metres long and weighed around 907kgs. Family: Mahajangasuchidae. Diet: Carnivore. First fossils found: Known only from a single, almost-complete skull discovered by American palaeontologist, Paul Callistus Sereno, in the Echkar Formation of Niger, West Africa, in 2009. Named by Mr. Sereno in the same year. Lived: 100.5 to 93.9 million years ago during the Cenomanian stage of the Late Cretaceous in what is now West Africa.
Pronunciation: Q-er-sy-lu-rus Meaning of name: "Quercy cat", after a former province in southwest France. Species: Q. major Size: 3 metres long, 1 metre tall and weighed between 230 and 400kgs. Family: Nimravidae Diet: Carnivore First fossils found: Known only from a single, partial skeleton discovered in southwest France. Named in 1979. Quercylurus lived in moist and humid forests, likely hunting large mammals. Lived: 33.9 to 28.4 million years ago during the Rupelian stage of the Early Oligocene in what is now southwest France.
Pronunciation: Thy-la-co-smy-luss Meaning of name: "Pouched sabre". Species: T. atrox Size: Measured around 1.2 metres long, 0.5 metres tall and weighing up to 120kgs. Family: Thylacosmilidae. Diet: Carnivore First fossils found: Known from several partial skeletons, the first of which were discovered in the Ituzaingó Formation of Catamarca Province, northern Argentina, in 1926. Named by American palaeontologist, Elmer Samuel Riggs, in 1933. With its oversized canine teeth, Thylacosmilus appears to be very similar to sabre toothed cats, but it's actually a marsupial. Lived: 6.8 to 3 million years ago from the Messinian stage of the Late Miocene through to the Piacenzian stage of the Late Pliocene in what is now northern Argentina.
Pronunciation: Yu-rye-no-del-fiss Meaning of name: "Well-nosed dolphin". Species: E. cocheuteuxi, E. longirostris. Size: 2 metres long Family: Eurhinodelphinidae. Diet: Carnivore/piscivore First fossils found: Known from several specimens discovered in France, Belgium and the Mid-Atlantic Region of the United States. E. cocheuteuxi named in 1867. E. longirostris named in 1872. Lived: Depending on species, lived between 15.97 and 7.246 million years ago from the Langhian stage of the Middle Miocene to the Tortonian stage of the Late Miocene in the warm oceans that covered and surrounded parts of what is now France, Belgium and the Mid-Atlantic Region of the United States.
Say hello to the real-life bigfoot: Gigantopithecus
Pronunciation: Jy-gan-toe-pith-e-kus Meaning of name: "Giant ape". Species: G. blacki Size: Estimated to have stood around 3 metres tall and weighing up to 300kgs. It's likely that males were much larger than females. Family: Hominidae. Diet: Herbivore. Likely fed on both high and low-growing vegetation. First fossils found: Known only from a few mandibles and hundreds of teeth discovered in southern China. Named by German-Dutch palaeontologist, Gustav Heinrich Ralph von Koenigswald in 1935. Lived: 2.6 million to 11,700 during the entire Pleistocene era in what is now southern China.
Pronunciation: Moz-chops Meaning of name: "Calf face". Species: M. capensis, M. koupensis Size: 2.7 metres long, 1.5 metres tall and weighing around 450kgs. Family: Tapinocephalidae. Diet: Herbivore First fossils found: Known from several specimens discovered in South Africa. M. capensis named by Robert Broom in 1911. M. koupensis named in 1957. Lived: 265 to 260 million years ago during the Wordian and Capitanian stages of the Middle Permian in what is now South Africa.
Pronunciation: Ore-e-o-pi-the-cus Meaning of name: "Mountain ape" Species: O. bambolii Size: 1.2 metres tall. Weighed between 30 and 35kgs. Family: Hominidae. Diet: Herbivore. First fossils found: Known from several specimens, including some almost-complete skeletons. First discovered in Tuscany, central Italy, in 1862. Specimens have also been discovered on the island of Sardinia. Named by French palaeontologist, François Louis Paul Gervais in 1872. Lived: 9 to 7 million years ago during the Tortonian and Messinian stages of the Late Miocene in what is now Italy.