Pronunciation: Zee-noe-seh-rah-tops Meaning of name: "Alien horned face". Species: X. foremostensis Size: Unknown due to a lack of fossils, but is estimated to have measured around 6 metres long. Family: Centrosaurinae (a subfamily of Ceratopsidae) Diet: Herbivore. Likely fed on low-growing vegetation. First fossils found: Known only from three partial skulls, the first of which was discovered by American palaeontologist, Wann Langston Jr, in the Foremost Formation of southern Alberta, Canada, in 1958. Named by M. J. Ryan, D. C. Evans and K. M. Shepherd in 2012. Lived: 78 million years ago during the Campanian stage of the Late Cretaceous in what is now Alberta, Canada.
Pronunciation: Zap-al-ah-sore-us Meaning of name: "Zapala lizard", after the city of Zapala, Neuquén Province, Argentina. Species: Z. bonapartei Size: Unknown due to a lack of fossils. Family: Rebbachisauridae. Diet: Herbivore. Likely fed on both high and low-growing vegetation. First fossils found: Known only from two partial skeletons discovered in the La Amarga Formation of Neuquén Province, western Argentina, in 1995-1996. Named by Leonardo Salgado, Ismar de Souza Carvalho and Alberto C. Garrido in 2006. Lived: 130 to 120 million years ago during the Barremian and Aptian stages of the Early Cretaceous in what is now western Argentina.
Pronunciation: O-shen-o-ty-tan Meaning of name: "Ocean giant". Species: O. dantasi Size: Unknown due to a lack of fossils. Family: Uncertain. Diet: Herbivore. First fossils found: Known only from a single, partial skeleton discovered in the Lourinhã Formation of western Portugal (date of discovery uncertain). Named by P. Mocho, R. Royo-Torres and F. Ortega in 2019. Lived: 155.7 to 145 million years ago during the Kimmeridgian and Tithonian stages of the Late Jurassic in what is now western Portugal.
Artist's impression of Oceanotitan on a prehistoric beach
Pronunciation: Fei-long-us Meaning of name: "Flying dragon". Species: F. youngi Wingspan: Uncertain but is estimated to have measured around 2.5 metres Family: Boreopteridae. Diet: Carnivore/piscivore First fossils found: Known only from two partial skulls, the first of which was discovered in the Yixian Formation of Liaoning Province, northeast China, in 2005. Named in the same year by Wang Xiaolin, Alexander Kellner, Zhou Zhonghe and Diogenes de Almeida Campos. The second skull was discovered in 2014. Lived: 129.4 to 113 million years ago during the Barremian and Aptian stages of the Early Cretaceous in what is now northeast China.
Iguanas have two, although technically it’s one that is split into two so is shaped like a Y. It’s known as a hemipenes. I don’t think it’s bendy though. 😉
Pronunciation: Oo-ran-o-sor-us Meaning of name: "Brave lizard". Species: O. nigeriensis Size: Between 7 and 8 metres long, 3 metres tall and weighing between 2 and 4 metric tonnes. Family: Uncertain. Appears to be a primitive Iguanodontid. Diet: Herbivore. Fed on both high and low-growing vegetation. First fossils found: Known from two almost-complete skeletons, the first of which was discovered in the Elrhaz Formation of Niger, West Africa, in 1965. The second skeleton was discovered in the same area in 1970. Named by French palaeontologist, Philippe Taquet in 1976. The most striking feature of this dino is the large sail on its back, similar to the sail on the Theropod, Spinosaurus. The sail was supported by long spines on the vertebrae and is thought to have been used either for display or thermoregulation. Lived: 125 to 113 million years ago during the Aptian stage of the Early Cretaceous in what is now West Africa.
Pronunciation: Dis-low-coe-sore-us Meaning of name: "Hard to place lizard", in reference to the paucity of data regarding the exact locality of where the only known fossils were discovered. Species: D. polyonychius Size: Unknown due to a lack of fossils. Family: Uncertain. Possible Dicraeosaurid. Diet: Herbivore. Likely fed on both high and low-growing vegetation. First fossils found: Known only from a single, partial skeleton. Unfortunately, the exact location of the discovery is unknown, but it's thought the fossils were found somewhere in Wyoming. Named by J. S. Mcintosh, W. P. Coombs and D. A. Russell in 1992. Lived: 155.7 to 145 million years ago during the Kimmeridgian and Tithonian stages of the Late Jurassic in what is now the Mountain West Region of the United States.
Pronunciation: Sticks-oh-sore-us Meaning of name: "Styx lizard", after the mythological River Styx which separated the Greek underworld from the world of the living. Species: S. snowii, S. browni. Size: Measured between 11 and 12 metres long, half of that length being composed of its neck. Weighed around 4 metric tonnes. Family: Elasmosauridae Diet: Piscivore. First fossils found: Known from two specimens including a mostly complete skeleton. Originally named as a species of Cimoliasaurus by Samuel Wendell Williston in 1890 before being re-named as a species of Elasmosaurus in 1906. S. snowii named by American palaeontologist, Samuel Paul Welles, in 1890. S. browni also named by Mr. Welles in 1943. Lived: 83.6 to 72.1 million years ago during the Campanian stage of the Late Cretaceous in the Western Interior Seaway which once covered the middle of what is now the United States.
Pronunciation: Dah-koh-tah-don Meaning of name: "Dakota tooth". Species: D. lakotaensis Size: Unknown due to a lack of fossils. Family: Uncertain. Possible Iguanodontid Diet: Herbivore. Likely fed on both high and low-growing vegetation. First fossils found: Known only from a single, partial skull discovered in the Lakota Formation of South Dakota in 1989. Named in the same year by Gregory Scott Paul. Was originally thought to be a species of Iguanodon. Lived: 129.4 to 125 million years ago during the Barremian stage of the Early Cretaceous in what is now the Upper Midwest region of the United States.
Pronunciation: Pro-nay-tho-don Meaning of name: "Forejaw tooth". Species: P. curri, P. giganteus, P. kianda,P. overtoni, P. rapax, P. saturator, P. solvayi, P. lutugini, P. waiparaensis. Size: Depending on species, measured between 5 and 14 metres. Largest species may have weighed up to 20 metric tonnes. Family: Mosasauridae Diet: Carnivore First fossils found: Known from partial skulls, two partial skeletons and some stomach contents. Specimens have been discovered in Europe, the Middle East, New Zealand and the United States. P. solvayi named in 1889. P. overtoni named in 1897. P. lutugini named in 1901. P. rapax named in 1902. P. giganteus named in 1904. P. waiparaensis named in 1971. P.saturator and P. curri named in 2002. P. kianda named in 2008. Lived: Depending on species, lived between 83.6 and 66 million years ago during the Campanian and Maastrichtian stages of the Late Cretaceous in the warms oceans that once covered parts of what is now New Zealand, the Middle East, Europe and the United States.
Pronunciation: Ti-my-mus Meaning of name: "Tim's mimic", after the son of the palaeontologists who discovered its fossils. Species: T. hermani Size: Unknown due to a lack of fossils. Family: Uncertain. Possible Tyrannosaurid. Diet: Carnivore. First fossils found: Known only from two thigh bones (one from an adult and one from a juvenile) discovered in the Eumeralla Formation at the Dinosaur Cove fossil site in Victoria, Australia, in 1991. Named by Australian palaeontologists, Dr Thomas Rich and his wife Patricia Vickers-Rich, in 1993. Was originally thought to be an Ornithomimid but is now believed to have been an early Tyrannosaur. Lived: 106 million years ago during the Albian stage of the Early Cretaceous in what is now south eastern Australia.
Here's today's entry, a recently discovered marine reptile: Nakonanectes
Pronunciation: Nak-o-nek-teez Meaning of name: "Nakona swimmer". Species: N. bradti Size: One of the smallest Elasmosaurids. Measured between 5 and 5.5 metres long. Weight uncertain. Family: Elasmosauridae. Diet: Piscivore First fossils found: Known from a single, almost-complete skeleton discovered in the Bearpaw Formation of Montana in 2010. Named by D. J. Serratos, P. Druckenmiller and R. B. J. Benson in 2017. Lived: 74 to 66 million years ago during the Campanian and Maastrichtian stages of the Late Cretaceous in the Western Interior Seaway which once covered what is now the middle of the United States.
Pronunciation: Bru-hath-kay-o-sore-us. Meaning of name: "Huge-bodied lizard". Species: B. matleyi Size: Unknown due to a lack of fossils. Family: Unknown. Possible Titanosaurid. Diet: Herbivore First fossils found: Known only from hip and leg bones discovered near the southern tip of India. Unfortunately, soon after the discovery, the fossils were lost in a monsoon. Named by P. Yadagiri and K. Ayyasami in 1989. Lived: 70 million years ago during the Maastrichtian stage of the Late Cretaceous in what is now India.