Pronunciation: La-bo-ca-nee-ya Meaning of name: Named after the La Bocana Roja Formation in Baja California, northwestern Mexico, where its fossils were discovered. Species: L. anomala Size: Uncertain, but is estimated to have measured between 6 and 8 metres long, 2 metres tall and weighed between 1.5 and 3 metric tonnes. Family: Uncertain. Possible Tyrannosaurid. Diet: Carnivore. First fossils found: Known only from a single, partial skeleton discovered in the La Bocana Roja Formation of Baja California, northwestern Mexico, in 1970. Named by palaeontologist, Ralph E. Molnar, in 1974. Lived: 73 million years ago during the Campanian stage of the Late Cretaceous in what is now Baja California, northwestern Mexico.
Pronunciation: Sigh-no-cal-ee-op-ter-ix Meaning of name: "Chinese beautiful feather". Species: S. gigas Size: Measured around 2.37 metres long, 0.7 metres tall and weighing around 20kgs. Largest-known Compsognathid. Family: Compsognathidae Diet: Carnivore First fossils found: Known only from a single, almost-complete skeleton discovered in the Yixian Formation of Liaoning Province, northeast China (date of discovery uncertain). Named by Chinese palaeontologists, Ji Shu'an, Ji Qiang, Lü Junchang and Yuan Chongx, in 2007. Lived: 124.6 million years ago during the Aptian stage of the Early Cretaceous in what is now northeast China.
Pronunciation: Roo-yan-go-sore-us Meaning of name: "Ruyang lizard", after Ruyang County, Henan Province, central China, where its fossils were discovered. Species: R. giganteus Size: Unknown due to a lack of fossils, but is estimated to have measured up to 25 metres long, 11 metres tall and weighing around 34 metric tonnes. Family: Uncertain. Possible Titanosaurid. Diet: Herbivore. Likely fed on both high and low-growing vegetation. First fossils found: Known only from a single, partial skeleton discovered in the Haoling Formation of Henan Province, central China (date of discovery uncertain). Named by J. Lu, L. Xu, S. Jia, X. Zhang, J. Zhang, L. Yang, H. You and Q. Ji in 2009. Lived: 125.45 to 99.7 million years ago from the Barremian stage of the Early Cretaceous through to the Cenomanian stage of the Late Cretaceous in what is now central China.
Ever wondered how many T-Rexes existed? Scientists have estimated there were 2.5 billion (that's a LOT of Rexes)! There could have been up to 20,000 alive at any one time.
Also, researchers from the University of Portsmouth have used CT scans to examine Pterosaur fossils and found the vertebrae in the neck were arranged like the spokes of a bicycle wheel. Apparently, this is what helped the giant long-necked Pterosaurs carry large prey whilst flying.
Pronunciation: Tie-lo-sef-a-lay Meaning of name: "Swollen head", in reference to the dome on the skull, which is the tallest of any known Pachycephalosaur. Species: T. gilmorei Size: 1.4 metres long, 1 metre tall and weighing around 50kgs Family: Pachycephalosauridae Diet: Herbivore. Fed on low-growing vegetation. First fossils found: Known only from a single, partial skeleton discovered in the Barun Goyot Formation of Mongolia. Named by T. Maryanska and H. Osmolska in 1974. Lived: 75 million years ago during the Campanian stage of the Late Cretaceous in what is now Mongolia.
Pronunciation: Nu-the-teez Meaning of name: "Monitor". Species: N. destructor Size: Unknown due to a lack of fossils. Family: Unknown. Possible Dromaeosaurid. Diet: Carnivore First fossils found: Known only from teeth and a partial jawbone discovered by amateur paleontologist, Charles Willcox, in the Lulworth Formation of southwest England, sometime during the early 1850s. Named by English palaeontologist, Sir Richard Owen, in 1854. Lived: 145 to 140 million years ago during the Berriasian stage of the Early Cretaceous in what is now southwest England.
Pronunciation: Sham-o-sore-us Meaning of name: "Shamo lizard", after the Chinese name for the Gobi Desert where its fossils were discovered. Species: S. scutatus Size: Uncertain due to a lack of fossils, but is estimated to have measured around 6 metres long and weighing 2 metric tonnes. Family: Ankylosauridae Diet: Herbivore. Fed on low-growing vegetation. First fossils found: Known only from a single, partial skeleton discovered by a joint Soviet-Mongolian expedition to the Gobi Desert, southern Mongolia, in 1977. Named by Tatyana Tumanova in 1983. Shamosaurus is one of the earliest-known Ankylosaurids. Lived: 125 to 100.5 million years ago during the Aptian and Albian stages of the Early Cretaceous in what is now southern Mongolia.
Pronunciation: Sigh-noe-tie-ran-nus Meaning of name: "Chinese tyrant". Species: S. kazuoensis Size: Estimated to have measured between 7 and 10 metres long, between 3 and 4 metres tall and weighing between 1 and 3 metric tonnes. Family: Proceratosauridae Diet: Carnivore. First fossils found: Known only from a single, partial skeleton discovered in the Jiufotang Formation of Liaoning Province, northeast China (date of discovery uncertain). Named by Q. Ji, S. A. Ji and L. J .Zhang in 2009. Lived: 125 to 120 million years ago during the Aptian stage of the Early Cretaceous in what is now northeast China.
We're always learning something new about dinosaurs. Using a computer model of a T-Rex tail, a research team in the Netherlands has created a step rhythm then multiplied the step rhythm by the step length found in fossilized tracks for an estimated walking speed of 4.6 kilometres per hour. Other methods for estimating T-Rex's speed focus mainly on calculations based on the legs and hips, not taking the tail into account.
Now, on to today's entry, a pterosaur from China: Guidraco
Pronunciation: Gwe-dra-ko Meaning of name: "Malicious ghost dragon". Species: G. venator Wingspan: Uncertain due to a lack of fossils, but is estimated to have measured around five metres. Family: Anhangueridae. Diet: Piscivore First fossils found: Known only from a single, partial skeleton discovered in the Jiufotang Formation of Liaoning Province, northeast China, in 2012. Named in the same year by Wang Xiaolin, Alexander W.A. Kellner, Jiang Shunxing and Cheng Xinb. Lived: 120 million years ago during the Aptian stage of the Early Cretaceous in what is now northeast China.
Pronunciation: Hal-e-sore-us Meaning of name: "Ocean lizard". Species: H. arambourgi, H. onchognathus, H. platyspondylus. Size: Relatively small for a Mosasaur. Depending on species, measured between 3 and 4 metres long and weighing around 225kgs Family: Halisaurinae (a subfamily of Mosasauridae) Diet: Carnivore/piscivore First fossils found: Known from several specimens discovered in Morocco, the United States, Sweden, Peru, Jordan, Angola, Belgium and the Democratic Republic of the Congo. H. platyspondylus named by American palaeontologist, Othniel Charles Marsh, in 1869. H. onchognathus named in 1894. H. arambourgi named in 2005. Lived: Depending on species, lived between 86.3 and 83.6 million years ago during the Santonian stage of the Late Cretaceous in the warm oceans surrounding and covering parts of what is now Angola, Belgium, Jordan, Peru, the United States, Sweden, Morocco and the Democratic Republic of the Congo.
Pronunciation: Lep-toe-rin-kos Meaning of name: "Slender beak". Species: L. gaddisi Size: Unknown due to a lack of fossils Family: Caenagnathidae Diet: Unknown. Possibly either a herbivore or omnivore. First fossils found: Known only from a small number of specimens discovered in the Dinosaur Park Formation of Alberta, Canada, and the Aguja Formation of Texas. Named by Nicholas R. Longrich, Ken Barnes, Scott Clark and Larry Millar in 2013. Lived: 80.5 to 72.1 million years ago during the Campanian stage of the Late Cretaceous in what is now Alberta, Canada, and the south central United States.
Pronunciation: Ik-thee-o-ven-ah-tor Meaning of name: "Fish hunter". Species: I. laosensis Size: Uncertain due to a lack of fossils, but is estimated to have measured between 7 and 10 metres long, between 2 and 2.5 metres tall and weighing around 2.4 metric tonnes. Family: Baryonychinae (a sub-family of Spinosauridae) Diet: Piscivore First fossils found: Known only from a single, partial skeleton discovered in the Gres superieurs Formation of Savannakhet Province, southern Laos, in 2010. Named by Ronan Allain, Tiengkham Xeisanavong, Philippe Richir and Bounsou Khentavong in 2012. Lived: 125 to 113 million years ago during the Aptian stage of the Early Cretaceous in what is now southern Laos.