Pronunciation: Ah-brik-toe-sore-us Meaning of name: "Wakeful lizard". Species: A. consors Size: 1.2 metres long, 0.4 metres tall and weighing around 12kgs. Family: Heterodontosauridae Diet: Uncertain. Likely either a herbivore or an omnivore. First fossils found: Known only from two partials specimens discovered in South Africa. Named by American palaeontologist, James Allen Hopson, in 1975. Was originally thought to be a species of Lycorhinus. Lived: 200 to 190.8 million years ago during the Hettangian and Sinemurian stages of the Early Jurassic in what is now South Africa.
Pronunciation: Pie-roe-rap-tor Meaning of name: "Fire thief". Species: P. olympius Size: Uncertain due to a lack of fossils Family: Dromaeosauridae Diet: Carnivore First fossils found: Known only from a single, fragmentary skeleton discovered in southeastern France in 1992. Named by French paleontologists, Ronan Allain and Philippe Taquet, in 2000. Lived: 73 to 70.6 million years ago during the Campanian and Maastrichtian stages of the Late Cretaceous in what is now southeastern France.
Pronunciation: Dah-tang-long Meaning of name: "Datang dragon", after the town of Datang, China, near where its fossils were discovered. Species: D. guangxiensis Size: Between 7 and 8 metres long, 2.5 metres tall and weighing around 3 metric tonnes. Family: Uncertain. Possible Carcharodontosaurid. Diet: Carnivore First fossils found: Known only from a single, partial skeleton discovered in Guangxi Province, southeastern China, in 2011. Named by Mo Jinyou, Zhou Fusheng, Li Guangning, Hunag Zhen and Cao Chenyun in 2014. Lived: 125 to 112 million years ago during the Aptian and Albian stages of the Early Cretaceous in what is now southeastern China.
Pronunciation: Or-nith-oh-kye-rus Meaning of name: "Bird hand". Species: O. simus Wingspan: Estimated to have measured around 5 metres. Family: Ornithocheiridae Diet: Piscivore First fossils found: Known only from fragmentary fossils, consisting of teeth and parts of the jaws, discovered in the Cambridge Greensand Formation of East England sometime during the 19th century. Named by British palaeontologist, Harry Govier Seeley, in 1869. Lived: 113 to 100.5 million years ago during the Albian stage of the Early Cretaceous in what is now East England.
Pronunciation: Hong-shan-op-teh-rus Meaning of name: "Hongshan wing", in reference to the Hongshan culture in Liaoning Province, northeast China, where its fossils were discovered. Species: H. lacustris Wingspan: Estimated to have measured around 2 metres. Family: Istiodactylidae. Diet: Carnivore. First fossils found: Known only from a partial skull and five neck vertebrae thought to belong to a subadult, discovered in the Jiufotang Formation of Liaoning Province, northeast China, in 2008. Named in the same year by Wang Xiaolin, Diogenes de Almeida Campos, Zhou Zhonghe and Alexander Wilhelm Armin Kellner. Lived: 125 to 113 million years ago during the Aptian stage of the Early Cretaceous in what is now northeast China.
Pronunciation: Im-pe-ro-ba-tor Meaning of name: "Powerful warrior". Species: I. antarcticus Size: Unknown due to a lack of fossils Family: Unknown Diet: Carnivore First fossils found: Known only from a partial left foot discovered in the Snow Hill Island Formation of James Ross Island, Antarctica, in 2003. Named by R. C. Ely and J. A. Case in 2019. Lived: 70.6 to 66 million years ago during the Maastrichtian stage of the Late Cretaceous in what is now Antarctica.
Pronunciation: Va-ga-seh-rah-tops Meaning of name: "Wandering horned face", in reference to its close relationship to Kosmoceratops. Species: V. irvinensis Size: Estimated to have measured around 6 metres long, 2 metres tall (3 metres including the neck shield) and weighing around 3.5 metric tonnes. Family: Chasmosaurinae (a subfamily of Ceratopsidae) Diet: Herbivore. Fed on low-growing vegetation. First fossils found: Known primarily from three skulls discovered in the Dinosaur Park Formation of Alberta, Canada. First discovered in 1958. Named by Scott D. Sampson, Mark A. Loewen, Andrew A. Farke, Eric M. Roberts, Catherine A. Forster, Joshua A. Smith and Alan L. Titus in 2010. Originally named as a species of Chasmosaurus. What makes Vagaceratops different to almost all of its relatives is the fact that it had tiny horns. There was a small, stubby horn on its snout and a nub of bone above each eye where horns would normally be found on other Ceratopsians. Lived: 83.6 to 72.1 million years ago during the Campanian stage of the Late Cretaceous in what is now Alberta, Canada.
Pronunciation: Lay-yang-o-sore-us Meaning of name: "Laiyang lizard" after Laiyang City, Shandong Province, eastern China. Species: L. youngi Size: Unknown due to a lack of fossils. Family: Saurolophinae (a subfamily of Hadrosauridae) Diet: Herbivore First fossils found: Known only from partial skulls discovered in the Jingangkou Formation of Shandong Province, eastern China, in 2010. Named by J. L. Zhang, X. Wang, Q. Wang, S. Jiang, X. Cheng, L. Ning and R. Qiu in 2017. Lived: 83.6 to 72.1 million years ago during the Campanian stage of the Late Cretaceous in what is now eastern China.
Pronunciation: E-oh-sin-op-teh-rix Meaning of name: "Dawn Chinese wing." Species: E. brevipenna Size: 30cm long and weighing 0.5kgs Family: Troodontidae. Diet: Carnivore/insectivore. First fossils found: Known only from a single, almost complete skeleton discovered in the Tiaojishan Formation of western Liaoning Province, northeast China, in 2013. Named in the same year by P. Godefroit, H. Demuynck, G. Dyke, D. Hu, F. O. Escuillie and P. Claeys. Lived: 160 million years ago during the Oxfordian stage of the Late Jurassic in what is now northeast China.
Today's entry is one of the best preserved marine reptiles: Rhomaleosaurus
Pronunciation: Roe-may-lay-oh-sore-us Meaning of name: "Strong lizard". Species: R. cramptoni, R. propinquus, R. thorntoni, R. zetlandicus Size: 7 metres long and weighing around 1 metric tonne. Family: Rhomaleosauridae. Diet: Carnivore First fossils found: Known from several skeletons, some of which are almost complete. First discovered in the Whitby Mudstone Formation of Yorkshire, England, in 1846 and was originally thought to be a species of Plesiosaurus. R. zetlandicus named in 1854. R. cramptoni named in 1874. R. propinquus named in 1876. R. thorntoni named in 1922. Lived: Depending on species, lived between 183 and 175.6 million years ago during the Toarcian stage of the Early Jurassic in the warm oceans that once covered what is now the East Midlands and northern England.
Today's entry is one of the most famous marine reptiles: Plesiosaurus
Pronunciation: Pleh-see-oh-sore-us Meaning of name: "Near lizard". Species: P. dolichodeirus Size: 3.5 metres long and weighing around 450kgs. Family: Plesiosauridae. Diet: Piscivore First fossils found: Known from several specimens. Named by English palaeontologists, Henry De la Beche and William Daniel Conybeare in 1821. The first complete specimen was discovered by Mary Anning in southwest England in 1823. Lived: 199.3 to 190.8 million years ago during the Sinemurian stage of the Early Jurassic in the warm oceans that once covered what is now southern and southwest England.
I'm sure we've had the plesiosaur before because I remember posting about the monument my Grandfather helped design based on the skeleton found in a local village.
Pronunciation: Hy-lay-o-sore-us Meaning of name: "Forest lizard". Species: H. armatus Size: Estimated to have measured between 3 and 4 metres and weighing around 2 metric tonnes. Height uncertain. Family: Polacanthinae (a subfamily of Nodosauridae) Diet: Herbivore. Fed on low-growing vegetation. First fossils found: Known only from a single, partial skeleton discovered by English doctor and palaeontologist, Gideon Algernon Mantell, in the Grinstead Clay Formation of East Sussex, southeast England, in 1832. Named by Mr. Mantell in 1833. Hylaeosaurus was the third dinosaur to be officially named (1st was Megalosaurus, 2nd was Iguanodon). Lived: 136 million years ago during the Valanginian stage of the Early Cretaceous in what is now southeast England.
Pronunciation: Fu-we-ang-o-sore-us Meaning of name: "Phu Wiang lizard", after the area where its fossils were discovered. Species: P. sirindhornae Size: Estimated to have measured between 19 and 25 metres long, 4 metres tall and weighing 17 metric tonnes. Family: Euhelopididae Diet: Herbivore. Likely fed on both high and low-growing vegetation. First fossils found: Known from two partial skeletons discovered in the Sao Khua Formation of northeast Thailand. Named by V. Martin, E. Buffetaut and V. Sweethorn in 1994. Phuwiangosaurus was the first Sauropod to be discovered in Thailand. Lived: 129.4 to 113 million years ago during the Barremian and Aptian stages of the Early Cretaceous in what is now northeast Thailand.
Pronunciation: Ab-dah-ray-nu-rus Meaning of name: "Abdrant Nuru tail", after the place where its fossils were discovered. Species: A. barsboldi Size: Unknown due to a lack of fossils. Family: Uncertain. Possible Titanosaurid Diet: Herbivore First fossils found: Known only from a handful of tail vertebrae discovered in the Alagteeg Formation, Abdrant Nuru, in Mongolia's Gobi Desert in 1970 during a joint Soviet–Mongolian expedition. Named by Alexander Averianov and Alexey Lopatin in 2020. Lived: Uncertain, but is thought to have lived between 80 and 75 million years ago during the Campanian stage of the Late Cretaceous in what is now southern Mongolia.